Exercise Implied Lines

Using Lines in Composition

As the previous exercises have shown, lines are a useful tool in composition and direct the viewer's gaze in the path the eye is intended to follow.    Implied lines work in the same way - the brain seeks to resolve the completeness of the line, and will naturally imply a line so the eye can follow a path.  In essence the eye and the brain are working together to resolve incomplete things.   An implied line is an example of Gestalt's Law of Good Continuation -  the brain implies a line to resolve its direction(1).   Essentially, the eye follows a line and it tries to construct or continue this from the implied surroundings or suggestions - and the stronger the encouragement, eg, diagonals and curves, then the eye will resolve or complete the flow of movement.

 

 

Exercise Implied Lines:

 This exercise is in three parts.

 

Firstly, we were asked to identify the direction of the implied lines in the following photographs.

 

 

Photograph 1: There are two distinct lines intimating motion. One moves up the bulls back and over the Matador and along the outstretched cape.  The other prominent line, flows down the back of the matador.    I have  looked at this image a few times, and can also see a circle at play, one which curves along the ground by the Matador and moves around up the bulls back and down the back of the Matador - this is a good example of Gestalt's law of Good Continuation at play. 

 

 

Photograph 2: Again, the eye seeks to resolve a line of movement for it to follow. Here, there are two distinct diagonals travelling up (or down) from the ground up each mule. Secondly, there is a curve which flows from the left hand side of the image across over the top of the mules, and up and over the farmer.  The gaze or eye line from mules towards the farmer is a good indication of the direction of the implied line. 

 

 

In the second part of the exercise, we were asked find three existing photographs and identify implied lines.

 

 

Photograph 1: The diagonal line is very strong in this photograph and dissects the frame, the other lines are implied by the directional gaze of the boys looking down into the stream. There is a sense of movement and flow in this image.

 

Photograph 2: Here there is an implied diagonal line which travels across the back of the ducks (the ducks are arranged in a diagonal line).  There is also an implied line from the eye line gaze of the ducks to the ground.

 

Photograph 3:  Here there are a number of implied lines, the diagonal lines travelling down the back of the boy to the floor and another diagonal down the boys arm.  There is an inverted triangle in the shape of the boys legs and an eye line in the gaze between the two children.  There is also a curved line, moving down (or upwards) the girls arm - this  curve is in contrast to the sharper lines of the diagonal and appears more elegant and smooth.


The third part of this exercise involved me taking the following two photographs which illustrate implied lines.

 

photograph 1. In this image, the implied lines are the eye line gaze from the small child to the toy. Our line of vision is immediately drawn along to the path of the child's gaze. Other lines which suggest flow and movement are the implied horizontal and vertical lines along the boys arm.  Considering the boy as a shape - I can see a triangle. Shapes are another element of design which we shall cover in the exercise.

 

 

 

 

 
photograph 2. The implied "eye" line gaze draws our attention in a diagonal line to the laptop. In the background the side of the day-bed forms another diagonal.    

Conclusion:  Reflecting on the exercises above, I now appreciate, how a "suggestion" for eg, in the form of an implied "eye-line"  or an extension of visible movement, can direct a viewer's gaze.  Lines, points, curves and diagonals can be used subtlety to direct a viewer's gaze and add flow and movement to an image. Freeman points out that the use of such graphic elements animates a picture - for example if a line in a picture moves out of the frame, then the eye naturally moves back to see more - this creates tension and activity (2).  

 

(1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestalt_psychology accessed 26/09/12)
(2) Freeman, Michael, (2007), the Photographer's Eye: Composition and Design for Better Digital Photos, The Ilex Press, p 44

Exercise Multiple Points

This exercise involved setting up a scenario of multiple points - the object here is to show how a group of objects implies not only a network of lines or connections but also, by implication shapes.  The implication is that multiple points produce an effect that they joined (see the progression of images below).


I chose dice and pieces from my monopoly set for my arrangement. 

1. a single point placed off centre - dividing the frame.

2 points.. when you add more points the relationship of the objects implies a network of lines, the simplest of which is the line between two points.

3 points.. a network of lines, implying a triangle (I haven't added the lines as yet, see final image below)

 4 points.. the eye travels from the lower right hand around and up to the left and back..

 5 points..

6 points.. the eye travels over the points following the implied vectors, from right to left sweeping over the image.

 7 points, the eye sweeps over the image, in a circular motion

8 points..I have added an intersection of lines to highlight the division the points make

 9 points

10 points...

When I started this exercise, initially the relationship between the points formed triangles - as I began to add more points, the predominant move of direction was in the form of 2 circles. 


Conclusion.

The relationship of multiple points implies a network of lines, that the points are joined.  With 2 points, the eye, moves from one to another quite easily without much explanation.  When more points are added you can see movement or vectors which direct the eye as it travels over the image.

It is interesting to see Gestalts' Law of closure in play, in final arrangement, I see 2 circles (or a circle on the right hand side and a triangle on the left).

One thing I noted was that it was actually difficult to arrange the objects to make them look natural and not too set up! I wanted to make them look as if they had fallen onto the table